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日猛禽

燕隼

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撰文者:廖珮岑

燕隼是一種飛行姿態很像放大版雨燕的小型猛禽,尤其天氣好,飛得很高形成一個小點時,看起來更是如此。

平日燕隼喜歡捕抓大型昆蟲來吃,在亞洲的紀錄中,除了昆蟲,牠們也會在晨昏時間捕食蝙蝠。不過在繁殖季節時特別喜歡以中小型鳥類為食,尤其是雨燕。幾乎整個歐亞大陸都有燕隼繁殖的紀錄,牠喜歡在開闊林地,利用高大樹木或是電塔上的鴉科舊巢繁殖。

因為習慣拍翅飛行,較不需要依賴熱氣流,因此更容易進行長距離的跨水域遷徙,牠們的飛行路徑通常也不太需要拐彎抹角,尤其在穿越海洋、沙漠,甚至是熱帶雨林時,由於較難覓食或停棲休息,會全速前進。也因為這樣的特性,牠們不太會沿著同一條路徑集體遷徙,大家各走各的,給人「一路直直衝」的印象。

關於亞洲遷徙路徑的研究很少,屏科大鳥類生態研究室與台灣猛禽研究會曾合作,在救傷野放的燕隼身上綁上衛星發報器追蹤。那隻燕隼從高雄出海後,跨越南海,沿著陸地飛行來到緬甸,在緬甸逗留幾天後,全速前進,穿越孟加拉灣,只花了兩天時間就登入印度,雖然最後訊號斷了,但已經足以看出牠在海上迅速飛行的高超本事。

延伸閱讀

  1. Bogliani, G. (2021). Eurasian hobby Falco subbuteo. In Migration Strategies of Birds of Prey in Western Palearctic (pp. 241-245). CRC Press.
  2. Clements, R. J., & Everett, C. M. (2012). Densities and dispersion of breeding Eurasian Hobbies Falco subbuteo in southeast England. Bird Study59(1), 74-82.
  3. Gou, X., Li, S., Wang, C., Peng, C., Hu, C., Zhang, M., & Su, H. (2021). Complete mitochondrial genome of Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo (Falconiformes: Falconidae) and phylogenetic analyses. Mitochondrial DNA Part B6(3), 1273-1275.
  4. Malinovskaya, L., Shnaider, E., Borodin, P., & Torgasheva, A. (2018). Karyotypes and recombination patterns of the common swift (Apus apus Linnaeus, 1758) and eurasian hobby (Falco subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758). Avian Research9, 1-10.
  5. Meyburg, B. U., Howey, P. W., Meyburg, C., & Dietrich Fiuczynski, K. (2011). Two complete migration cycles of an adult Hobby tracked by satellite. British Birds104(1), 2.
  6. Pallinger, F., Soares, J. G., & Schunck, F. (2023). First record of Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo in South America. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club143(3), 346-349.
  7. Stanton, D. J. (2016). Predation of dawn-swarming bats by Eurasian Hobby (Falco subbuteo). Journal of Raptor Research50(3), 317-319.
  8. Singor, M. J. (2021). Eurasian Hobby'Falco subbuteo': A review of recent records from Western Australia and Australian external territories. Australian Field Ornithology38, 119-123.
  9. Strandberg, R., Klaassen, R. H., Olofsson, P., & Alerstam, T. (2009). Daily travel schedules of adult Eurasian Hobbies Falco subbuteo—variability in flight hours and migration speed along the route. Ardea97(3), 287-295.
  10. Strandberg, R., Klaassen, R. H., Hake, M., Olofsson, P., & Alerstam, T. (2009). Converging migration routes of Eurasian hobbies Falco subbuteo crossing the African equatorial rain forest. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences276(1657), 727-733.

Yordan, K. (2014). Recent Records of Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo in Java. KUKILA17(2), 142-144.

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